Systems and Methods for Diverting Sub-surface Water

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for diverting infiltration and subsurface water disclosed herein include excavation of interceptor trenches under roadways, such as gravel roads, and filling the trenches with suitable material. An interceptor trench is a trench, which may be filled with gravel, surge stone, rip rap, or other aggregate that intercepts the water flowing down a slope and carries it off to minimize soil erosion. These interceptor trenches, incorporated under the road, may be filled with heavy material such as rock. The interceptor trenches intercept the water and carry it off before it can build up speed and volume and carry off material.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure is generally related to drainage and, moreparticularly, is related to diversion of infiltration and subsurfacewater.

BACKGROUND

Water is a destructive force in roadways, particularly in thesub-surface support for various roadway types. Infiltration andsubsurface water affect asphalt and concrete roadways, but areparticularly destructive to gravel roadways. With gravel roadways, afterone or more rainfalls, and in particular a heavy rainfall, the gravelroads may wash away. Even if the gravel road is crowned, ditched, andproperly packed, they may still wash away, regardless of the materialsused in the subsurface. This is typically due to the over saturation ofthe roadway materials. During rainfall events with high intensities, thevoid areas within the roadway materials quickly fill with water. Theroadway materials are typically placed on highly compacted subgrade thatis far less permeable than the roadway materials. Once the roadwaymaterial is fully saturated, the structural properties are significantlyreduced and quickly allow for roadway surface failure caused by soilpumping through the application of loads from normal traffic.

Additionally, roadway materials may experience a significant reductionin cohesiveness at full saturation. This reduction in cohesivenessallows for the roadway material to be transported more easily throughnormal erosion caused by the flow of water through and along the surfaceof the roadway materials.

Erosion is one of the biggest problems facing roadways and roadwaymaintenance. Erosion allows for the transport of roadway materialbeneath paved surfaces. The loss of roadway materials beneath pavementallows for voids. When these voids become large enough, the pavementabove may crack under stress from normal traffic loads, fall into thevoids, and create pot holes. Erosion also allows for the transport ofroadway materials along the surface of gravel roadways. This transportallows for ???

Solutions to erosion problems have included the addition of calcium,lime, and/or other hardening materials to make the gravel pack betterand more resistant to erosion, but even these wash away after time.There are heretofore unaddressed needs with these previous solutions.

SUMMARY

Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems fordraining the roadway materials and diverting infiltration and subsurfacewater to conventional storm water conveyance systems or any othernatural path of drainage. Briefly described, in architecture, oneexample embodiment of the system, among others, can be implemented asfollows: interceptor trenches configured to drain roadway materials anddivert the infiltration and subsurface water to conventional storm waterconveyance systems or any other natural path of drainage; and aggregatefilled in the interceptor trenches

Embodiments of the present disclosure can also be viewed as providingmethods for draining and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage. In this regard, one embodiment of such a method, among others,can be broadly summarized by the following steps: providing infiltrationand subsurface interceptor trenches; and filling the subsurfaceinterceptor trenches with aggregate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a roadway with potholes.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an asphalt roadway with cracks

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of a systemfor draining roadway materials and diverting infiltration and subsurfacewater to conventional storm water conveyance systems or any othernatural path of drainage.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of a systemfor draining roadway materials and diverting infiltration and subsurfacewater to conventional storm water conveyance systems or any othernatural path of drainage.

FIG. 5 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway materials and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 6 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway materials and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 7 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway materials and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 8 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway materials and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 9 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway materials and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of the systemfor draining and diverting infiltration and subsurface water of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway materials and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of the systemfor draining and diverting infiltration and subsurface water of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of the systemfor draining and diverting infiltration and subsurface water of FIG. 11.

FIG. 14 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway material and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of the systemfor draining and diverting infiltration and subsurface water of FIG. 14.

FIG. 16 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway material and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 17 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway material and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 18 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway material and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 19 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway material and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 20 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway material and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 21 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway material and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of the systemfor draining and diverting infiltration and subsurface water of FIG. 21.

FIG. 23 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway material and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 24 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway material and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 25 is a top view of an example embodiment of a system for drainingroadway material and diverting infiltration and subsurface water toconventional storm water conveyance systems or any other natural path ofdrainage.

FIG. 26 is a flow chart of an example embodiment of a method ofdesigning a system for draining roadway material and divertinginfiltration and subsurface water to conventional storm water conveyancesystems or any other natural path of drainage.

FIG. 27 is a flow chart of an example embodiment of a method ofdesigning a system for draining roadway material and divertinginfiltration and subsurface water to conventional storm water conveyancesystems or any other natural path of drainage.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described more fullyhereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which likenumerals represent like elements throughout the several figures, and inwhich example embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the claims may,however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construedas limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The examples set forthherein are non-limiting examples and are merely examples among otherpossible examples.

Conventional roadway and parking drainage systems focus on collectingstorm water runoff from the surface of roadways and parking lots. Theirprimary concern is to collect the water that falls on the surface andtransport it away from the roadway. However, conventional drainagesystems will only collect up to roughly 95% of storm water runoff onpaved surfaces and up to roughly 60% of storm water runoff on unpavedsurfaces. The remaining 5% and 40%, respectively, will infiltrate theroadway surface materials and begin to cause adverse affects that inturn reduce the service life of the roadway materials. The disclosedsystems and methods address the infiltration of storm water notcurrently addressed by conventional storm water collection devices alongroadways and parking lots and improve the service life of the roadwaymaterials. These systems and methods allow for removal of water that hasinfiltrated the roadway materials that otherwise could not be removedthrough the use of conventional drainage systems. Keeping the roadwaymaterials drained reduces the saturation levels of the roadway materialsand will significantly reduce the losses of structural and cohesiveproperties that cause roadway materials to fail.

Example embodiments of the systems and methods for divertinginfiltration and subsurface water may include excavation and fillingunder roadways, such as gravel roads, by using interceptor trenches. Aninterceptor trench is a trench, which may be filled with non-limitingexamples of gravel, surge stone, rip rap, or other suitable aggregatethat drains the water infiltrating roadway materials from normalrainfall or subsurface seepage through underlying soil and carries it toconventional storm water conveyance systems or other natural path ofdrainage to minimize soil erosion. These interceptor trenches,incorporated under the road, may be filled with heavy material such asrock or other aggregate having high void ratios that allow for levels ofpermeability greater than the roadway materials. The interceptortrenches drain the roadway material, intercept the water, and carry itoff before it can increase the saturation level of the roadwaymaterials. This reduces the velocity and volume of storm water on thesurface of the roadway and within the roadway materials to prevent theerosion of the roadway materials.

The horizontal and vertical positioning, length, width, depth, andfrequency of the interceptor trenches along a roadway will varydepending on the characteristics of each site in which the interceptortrenches are installed. Such characteristics may include topography,rainfall intensity, roadway width, roadway slope along the centerline,roadway crown, horizontal curvature of the roadway, vertical curvatureof the roadway, availability of existing storm water conveyance systemsand/or natural drainage paths, and soil properties of existing roadwaysubgrades. [WHAT ABOUT VOLUME OF TRAFFIC AND TYPE OF TRAFFIC ON THEROADWAY?} The disclosed systems and methods for diverting infiltrationand subsurface water will work on paved roads as well as gravel roadsbecause paved roads have similar issues as gravel roads regarding thepropensity for water to find its way to the surface and with thesubsurface being washed away. Paved roadways with poorly drainedsubgrades increase saturation of roadway materials that, during extremecold conditions, promote frost wedging of the upper pavement surfacesand further increase the roads susceptibility to pot holes.

A roadway—paved, gravel, or otherwise—can be examined to determine thepath of the water down the road. In the winter time, it may causedeterioration of the road and, potentially, accidents. In exampleembodiments of the systems and methods disclosed herein, interceptortrenches may be covered with whatever material is chosen for the roadsurface, whether that's gravel, concrete, asphalt, or other suitableroadway materials. Particular sections and shapes of the subsurface maybe excavated, filled with the rock or other suitable material, and thencovered with the roadway material. Example non-limiting embodiments ofthe roadway material may include crusher run, #57 stone, #34 stone,asphalt, concrete, or any other commonly used aggregate or constructionmaterial used in the construction of roadways.

Example embodiments of the fill rock are type 3 riprap, rubble, shotrock, and rock armor, among other suitable materials. Riprap may be madefrom a variety of rock types, commonly granite or limestone, andoccasionally concrete rubble from building and paving demolition. Riprapworks by absorbing and deflecting the impact of moving water before thewater reaches the defended structure. The size and mass of the riprapmaterial affects the impact energy of the moving water, while the gapsbetween the rocks trap and slow the flow of water, lessening its abilityto erode soil or the subsurface material. Riprap typically has high voidratios and allows for higher levels of permeability to keep theoverlying roadway materials well drained. In an example embodiment, onelevel of rock may be used; however, with higher volumes of water, adeeper trench may be used.

Multiple configurations may be used depending on the slope and amount ofwater in a particular area and the composition of the subsurface, amongother factors. The steeper the hill, the steeper the angle of the trenchshould be to handle the volume and speed of the water. Smaller trenchesand higher frequency may be implemented. Trench systems without acenterline may be suitable for use with gravel roads. Some of thetrenches may be configured based on several factors, including, but notlimited to, the roadway material, the slope of the road, whether theroad banks, the grade of the surrounding land, the materials of thesubsurface (whether it's clay, rock, gravel, granite, sand, etc.), andwhether there is curvature in the road, among others. The trenches maybe adapted for these particular conditions. The trench system has anadditional advantage in that the water that comes off of these roadswill be filtered because of the rock. This reduces the total suspendedsolids present in the storm water runoff and increases overall stormwater quality. The reduction in loss of roadway material due to erosionwill also increase the environmental effectiveness as well.

FIG. 1 provides a cross sectional view of an asphalt road as presentlyconstructed in the industry. Stone layer 140, impact stone layer 130 andasphalt layer 110 are installed on top of subsurface layer 150. Whenwater flows under asphalt layer 110, it transports roadway material inlayer 130 away and causes weaknesses in asphalt layer 110 causingpotholes 120. Stone layer 140 is typically surge stone, #57 stone, #34stone or other suitable stone aggregate material. Although some of thestone layers may be shown with more than one layer of rock, in exampleembodiments, a single layer of rock may be used in the disclosed systemsand methods of diverting infiltration and subsurface water.

FIG. 2 provides another example of a failed roadway with surge stonelayer 240, crushed rock layer 230 and asphalt layer 210 installed onsubsurface layer 250. Cracks 220 have formed in road 200 due to waterflow under asphalt layer 210.

FIG. 3 provides a cross sectional view of an example embodiment of asystem for diverting sub-surface water from asphalt road 300. Rocklayers 330 represent the interceptor trench and are installed on eitherside of untrenched center channel in subsurface 350. Crushed rock layer320 and asphalt layer 310 are installed on rock layers 330. Dirtshoulders 340 span either side of asphalt layer 310 and crushed rocklayer 320. Water drains from rock layer 330 down into ditch 360 oneither side.

FIG. 4 provides a cross sectional view of an example embodiment of asystem and method for diverting subsurface water in roadway 400. Insubsurface 450, interceptor trench 430 is dug on either side and filledwith rocks leaving center channel 440. Gravel layer 420 is then laidatop interceptor trenches 430 and untrenched center channel 440 suchthat these interceptor trenches will siphon water off into a ditch oneither side of subsurface 450. Each of interceptor trenches 430 may beangled down so that the water will flow out from under gravel road 420into the ditches on either side. The example embodiment of FIG. 4 is aconfiguration which may be used for drainage on a level gravel road,among other conditions.

FIG. 5 provides a top view of the configuration of the interceptortrenches shown in FIG. 4. In system 500, interceptor trenches 520 areburrowed on either side in subsurface 530 leaving untrenched centerchannel 510. Interceptor trenches 520 may be filled with surge stone orother type of aggregate material. In this example embodiment, the widthof the trench increases and decreases in a substantially sinusoidalpattern as it moves along untrenched center channel 510. The exampleembodiment in FIG. 5 is a configuration which may be used for drainageon roadways that have very low vertical slope along the centerline ofthe roadway, among other conditions. This may include areas that areflat, near the top of a crest vertical curve along a roadway centerlinegrade profile, or near the bottom of a sag vertical curve along aroadway centerline grade profile.

FIG. 6 provides an alternative configuration with interceptor trenches620 burrowed in subsurface 630 leaving center channel 610. The width ofinterceptor trenches 620 increases and decreases as they move alonguntrenched center channel 610, but in a different pattern than used inFIG. 510. Interceptor trenches 620 may be filled with surge stone orother appropriate materials. The example embodiment in FIG. 6 is aconfiguration which may be used for drainage on roadways that have verylow vertical slope along the centerline of the roadway, among otherconditions. This may include areas that are flat, near the top of acrest vertical curve along a roadway centerline grade profile, or nearthe bottom of a sag vertical curve along a roadway centerline gradeprofile. The example embodiments in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 may be appropriatefor a gravel road.

FIG. 7 provides alternative configuration 700 in which interceptortrenches 720 are burrowed into subsurface 730 leaving center channel710. In this example embodiment, the width of the trench increases anddecreases in a substantially sinusoidal pattern as it moves alonguntrenched center channel 710. Smaller trenches 740 are burrowed in theremaining untrenched spaces left by the larger trenches. Smallertrenches 740 provide alternatives to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 to allow forsmaller areas of interceptor trench. The example embodiment in FIG. 7 isa configuration which may be used for drainage on roadways that havevery low vertical slope along the centerline of the roadway, among otherconditions. This would be areas that are extremely flat, near the top ofa crest vertical curve along a roadway centerline grade profile, or nearthe bottom of a sag vertical curve along a roadway centerline gradeprofile.

FIG. 8 provides an example embodiment of a system for drainage on hardsurfaced roads or gravel roads with a significant grade along thecenterline profile and a crown on the roadway. Center interceptor trench810 is dug into subsurface 830 with lateral interceptor trenches 820coming off of center interceptor trench 810. A steeper grade may callfor more angled trenches. Again, the interceptor trenches are filledwith some type of rock substance such as riprap or other suitablematerial.

FIG. 9 provides an example embodiment of a system for drainage suitablefor hard surfaced roads or other drivable surface with a level grade.System 900 includes center interceptor trench 910 dug into subsurface930 with lateral interceptor trenches 920 extending at substantially 90degree angles from center interceptor trench 910. Again, interceptortrenches 920 are filled with some type of rock substance such as riprapor other suitable material.

FIG. 10 provides a profile view along the roadway centerline of system900 from FIG. 9. Cross sectional view 1000 provides subsurface 1030 withinterceptor trenches 1020, crushed rock layer 1010 and asphalt layer1005. The bottom of trenches 1020 may be angled down into collectiontrenches into which water may flow. Trenches 1020 may be filled withrock such as riprap or other suitable material. The example embodimentprovided in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 may be suitable for hard surfaced roadswith a level grade, among other conditions.

FIG. 11 provides system 1100, which is an example embodiment ofinterceptor trenches which may be suitable for a lesser grade for eithergravel or surfaced roads, among other conditions. The grade of theroadway is in the direction of the arrows. Trenches 1120 are burrowedinto subsurface 1130 and filled with surge stone, riprap, or othersuitable materials. The interceptor trenches may have a slight curve tothem, which may aid in the drainage of water. The size, width, depth andspacing may depend on the grade, the average rainfall, the maximumrainfall recorded, the banking, and the length of the grade. Eachinterceptor trench 1120 may be filled with surge stone, riprap, or othersuitable material.

As provided in cross sectional view 1200 of FIG. 12, interceptor trench1220 may slope from the center to the sides. Each of interceptortrenches 1220 may be burrowed into subsurface 1230 and then covered withlayer 1210 which may be comprised of gravel or pavement, among othermaterials. Trench 1220 may slope from center to the sides to furtherdrain water from under top layer 1210.

As shown in roadway profile view 1300 in FIG. 13, each interceptortrench 1320 may also be tapered from top to bottom. Interceptor trenches1320 are dug into subsurface 1330 and filled with surge stone or othersuitable material. The down slope of each interceptor trench 1320 may betapered to allow overflow to exit slowly.

FIG. 14 provides an example embodiment of a system, which may besuitable for roadways with steeper grades and a crowned surface, inwhich the grade slopes down in the direction of the arrows, among otherconditions. Trenches 1420 may be burrowed into subsurface 1430 andfilled with surge stone, riprap, or other suitable material. In thisexample embodiment, there is no center trench. Each trench 1420 anglesaway from a center point in the direction of the grade.

In this example embodiment, as shown in roadway profile view 1500 inFIG. 15, interceptor trenches 1520 are dug into subsurface 1530 andcovered with road surface 1510. The back and/or front wall of eachtrench 1520 may be angled for slow exhaustive overflow of water.

FIG. 16 provides an example embodiment of system 1600, which may besuitable for implementation in a roadway with a low slope along theprofile grade, which is also banked to the left such that the left sideis the low side, among other conditions. Trenches 1620 are burrowed intosubsurface 1630 and filled with surge stone, riprap, or other suitablematerial. Interceptor trenches 1640 may comprise larger trenches thatrun substantially along the grade with smaller outshoot trenches thatrun substantially perpendicular to the grade from high to low, or acrossthe bank, in other words.

FIG. 17 provides example embodiment 1700, which may be suitable for aroadway with a low slope along the profile grade, banked down to theright side, among other conditions. Interceptor trenches 1720 may beburrowed into subsurface 1730 and filled with surge stone, riprap, orother suitable material. Interceptor trenches 1720 may be angled alongthe grade from top to bottom and from left to right.

FIG. 18 provides example embodiment system 1800, which may be suitablefor a curved embankment, among other conditions. Interceptor trenches1820 are dug in subsurface 1830 and filled with surge stone, riprap, orother suitable materials. Interceptor trenches 1820 follow the curve ofthe roadway. On either end of the curve, a lateral trench angles in thedirection of the banking. Also, in this example embodiment, on either orboth ends of the curve, one or more small interceptor trenches mayextend out of the lateral trench.

FIG. 19 provides example embodiment system 1900, suitable for divertingsubsurface water. System 1900 includes center channel 1910, left channel1930 and right channel 1940 burrowed into subsurface 1950. Each ofchannels 1910, 1930, and 1940 are regularly connected with connectingchannels 1920. This configuration may be suitable for hard surface roadsand gravel roads with significant profile grades, among otherconditions. The outside trenches may exhaust the water outside of theroadways or convey it to an existing storm water system. Additionally,each of outside trenches 1930 and 1940 may be lined on the outside witha concrete curb. {IS THIS CONCRETE CURB APPLICABLE TO OTHERCONFIGURATIONS?}

FIG. 20 provides example embodiment 2000 of a system for diverting waterunder a roadway including side channel trench 2010 along the right sideof the roadway with interceptor trenches 2020 substantially regularlyextending from channel trench 2010. Trenches 2010 and 2020 are burrowedinto subsurface 2030. This configuration may be suitable for steepgrades that slope down to the right, among other conditions.

FIG. 21 provides example embodiment 2100 of a drywell for ponding waterunder paved roads. System 2100 comprises french drains 2140substantially regularly placed across the area to be drained. Frenchdrains 2140 are surrounded by interceptor trenches 2110 that are filledwith surge stone, rip rap, layered aggregate, or other suitablematerial. Interceptor trenches 2110 may be surrounded with compactedsubgrade 2130 and the water may be drained from interceptor trenches2110 through leech line 2160 into a collection pond, or through drains2140 into storm drain system 2150.

FIG. 22 provides a side view 2200 of the drywell system provided in FIG.20. Again, drains 2240 are positioned in the roadway layer with ainterceptor trenches 2110 filled with packed stone underneath. Layer2250, which may be comprised of stone as a non-limiting example, liesunderneath and bottom layer 2260 is filled with rip rap, surge stone, orother suitable material. The entire system is surrounded with compactedsubgrade layer 2230.

FIG. 23 provides an example embodiment of a system for drainage suitablefor hard surfaced roads with rigid pavement or other drivable surfacewith intermediate construction joints. One specific application would bea two lane road with a rigid pavement design and curb and gutter alongthe outside of the travel lanes. System 2300 includes center interceptortrench 2310 dug into subsurface 2330 with lateral interceptor trenches2320 extending at substantially 90 degree angles from center channel2310 to edge channel 2340 that would typically be installed along thejoint between the pavement and the curb and gutter along the edge of thetravel lanes. Again, the interceptor trenches are filled with some typeof rock substance such as riprap or other suitable material.Construction joints in the pavement layer may be placed aboveinterceptor trenches 2320 and 2340.

FIG. 24 provides an example embodiment of a system for drainage suitablefor hard surfaced roads with rigid pavement or other drivable surfacewith intermediate construction joints. One specific application would bea multi lane road with a rigid pavement design. Another specific examplewould include a parking lot with rigid pavement design and intermediateconstruction joints. System 2400 includes transverse {TRANSVERSE ORTRAVERS? BOTH ARE USED IN THIS SECTION} interceptor trenches 2410 atintervals dug into subsurface 2430 with lateral interceptor trenches2420 extending at substantially 90 degree angles from traverseinterceptor trenches 2410. These traverse and lateral trenches wouldtypically be installed along the construction joints in the pavement andany joints between the pavement and the curb and gutter, if used, alongthe perimeter of the driving surfaces. Again, the interceptor trenchesare filled with some type of rock substance such as riprap or othersuitable material. Construction joints in the pavement layer may beplaced above interceptor trenches 2410 and 2420.

FIG. 25 provides an example embodiment of system 2500, which may besuitable for implementation in a roadway with a low slope along theprofile grade, which also has substantially no crown or cross slope.Interceptor trenches 2520 are burrowed into subsurface 2530 and filledwith surge stone, riprap, or other suitable material. These trenchesextend across the section of the roadway at substantially 90 degreeangles and would most likely be used in areas where no center or sidedrains would provide benefit to draining relatively flat roadwaysurfaces.

FIG. 26 provides flow diagram 2600 of a method for designing a systemfor draining roadway material and diverting infiltration and subsurfacewater to conventional storm water conveyance systems or any othernatural path of drainage. In block 2605, a determination is made as towhether the driving surface or roadway is paved. If the driving surfaceis not paved, then in block 2610, the flow chart moves to FIG. 27. Ifthe driving surface is paved, then in block 2615, a determination ismade as to whether the driving surface has construction or expansionjoints. If the driving surface has construction joints, then in block2620 a determination is made as to whether curb and gutter is to beused. If curb and gutter is to be used, then in block 2625, the systemof FIG. 23 may be implemented. If curb and gutter is not used, then inblock 2630 a determination is made as to whether the driving surface isa parking lot or a roadway with more than two lanes.

If the driving surface is a parking lot or roadway with more than twolanes, in block 2635, the system of FIG. 23 may be implemented. If thedriving surface is not a parking lot or roadway with more than twolanes, in block 2640, the system of FIG. 9 may be implemented. If, asdetermined in block 2615, the driving surface does not have constructionor expansion joints, a determination is made in block 2645 as to whethercurb and gutter is to be implemented. If a curb and gutter is to beused, then in block 2650, the system of FIG. 9 may be implemented. If acurb and gutter is to be used, then in block 2655, the system of FIG. 8may be implemented. This decision work flow offers general guidelinesfor selecting potential systems for implementation. Additionalconsiderations may lead to the use of other similar systems.Additionally, other similar systems may be used under these sameconsiderations.

FIG. 27 provides flow diagram 2700 of a method for designing a systemfor draining unpaved roadway material and diverting infiltration andsubsurface water to conventional storm water conveyance systems or anyother natural path of drainage. In block 2705, a determination is madeas to whether the unpaved roadway surface is crowned. If the unpavedroadway surface is crowned, then in block 2710, a determination is madeas to whether the slope of the surface along the vertical profile isless than approximately one percent. If the slope of the surface alongthe vertical profile is less than approximately one percent, then inblock 2715 a determination is made as to whether the section of theroadway is along a horizontal tangent. If the section of the roadway isalong a horizontal tangent, then in block 2725, the system of FIG. 5,FIG. 6, or FIG. 7 may be implemented. If the section of the roadway isnot along a horizontal tangent, then in block 2730 the system of FIG. 18may be implemented.

If the slope of the surface along the vertical profile is not less thanapproximately one percent, in block 2720, the system of FIG. 11 or FIG.14 may be implemented. If, in block 2705, it is determined that theunpaved surface is not crowned, in block 2735 a determination is made asto whether the roadway surface is super elevated. If the roadway surfaceis super elevated, in block 2740, the system of FIG. 16, FIG. 17, FIG.18, or FIG. 20 may be implemented. If the roadway surface is not superelevated, a determination is made in block 2745 as to whether the slopeof the surface along the vertical profile is less than approximately onepercent. If the slope of the surface along the vertical profile is lessthan approximately one percent, then in block 2750, the system of FIG.5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 21, or FIG. 25 may be implemented. If the slopeof the surface along the vertical profile is not less than approximatelyone percent, then in block 2755, the system of FIG. 25 may beimplemented. This decision work flow offers general guidelines forselecting potential systems for implementation. Additionalconsiderations may lead to the use of other similar systems.Additionally, other similar systems may be used under these sameconsiderations.

Although the present invention has been described in detail, it shouldbe understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can bemade thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention as defined by the appended claims.

1. A system of draining roadway materials and diverting subsurface waterfrom a roadway comprising: interceptor trenches configured to divert thesubsurface water; and aggregate filled in the interceptor trenches. 2.The system of claim 1, further comprising a top road surface.
 3. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the interceptor trenches are limited toeither side of an untrenched center area.
 4. The system of claim 3,wherein the width of the interceptor trench varies along the untrenchedcenter area.
 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the depth of theinterceptor trench increases as the interceptor trench extends from theuntrenched area.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the interceptortrenches span across the roadway.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein theinterceptor trenches are perpendicular to the road.
 8. The system ofclaim 6, wherein each side of a center point of at least one interceptortrench angles along the grade of the road.
 9. The system of claim 6,wherein the interceptor trenches are angled from an outside length-wiseinterceptor trench.
 10. The system of claim 6, wherein the interceptortrenches are lateral interceptor trenches that extend laterally from acenter length-wise interceptor trench.
 11. The system of claim 10,wherein the lateral interceptor trenches are at right angles to thecenter length-wise trench.
 12. The system of claim 10, wherein thelateral interceptor trenches are at acute angles to the centerlength-wise trench.
 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the depth of thecenter length-wise trench increases until it reaches a lateralinterceptor trench.
 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the lateralinterceptor trenches are perpendicular to the roadway.
 15. A method ofdiverting subsurface water from a roadway, comprising: providingsubsurface interceptor trenches; and filling the subsurface interceptortrenches with aggregate.
 16. The method of claim 15, further comprisinglaying a road surface over the subsurface interceptor trenches.
 17. Themethod of claim 16, wherein the road surface is gravel.
 18. The methodof claim 15, wherein the aggregate is rip rap.
 19. The method of claim15, wherein the subsurface interceptor trenches are configured accordingto at least one of the following drawings:
 20. A system for pondingunder a roadway, comprising: at least one subsurface trench configuredacross the roadway; a clay lining applied to the surface of thesubsurface trench; layered aggregate configured to fill a portion of thesubsurface trench; layered stone on top of the layered aggregate; atleast one surface drain configured in a surface of the roadway to drainthe roadway to the trench; and a leach line configured to drain from thetrench to a drainage system.